Mountains in India

Agasthyamalai Hills:

southern end of western ghats
Cardamam hills and aryankavi pass are at Agasthyamalai Hills
Wild life sanctuaries: Neyyar wildlife sanctuary, Peppara wildlife, Shenduruny wildlife sanctuary
Agasthyamala Biospere: 3500.36 km2 - 1828 km2 in Kerala nd 1672.36 km2 in Tamil Nadu

Aravalli Range:

World old mountain ranges in India
In Western India in northeastern direction.
Called Mewat hills
Highest peak: Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu in Rajastan
Is an ancient folded mountains.

Anamalai Hills:

Range of mountains in western ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Highest peak in Anamalai (western ghats): Anamudi (2695 mtr) in Idukki
Palakkad Gap (30- 40 km) divided the western ghats
Annamalai is famous for:
Eravikilam National Park, Chinnar wildlife sancturary, Parambikulam wildlife sanctuary, Anamalas Tiger reserve, Indira Gandhi wildlife sanctuary and National park
Rivers:
Aliyar river, Pambar river, Chinnar river, Kaddambarri river, Neerar river, Parambikulam river
Dams:
Amaravathi dam, Kaddambarri dam, Neerar dam, Sholayar dam, Parambikulam dam (Largest capacity dam in India), Mannambhally dam.

Cardamom Hills:

Name comes from the cardamon spice grown much of the hills.
Located: Western Ghats: Kerala, Tamil Nadu.

Eastern Ghats:

Purva Ghats: starts from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu. ( Bengal, Odisha, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka)
Major rivers: Godavari, Mahandi, Krisha, Kaveri
Eastern Ghats are older than the Western Ghats.

Gharo Hills:

Part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.

Khasi Hills:

Part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.
This hill is a part of Patkai range
Cherrapunji is one of the wettest place in the workd

Himalayas:

Separating the plains of Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
This is home to the planet's highest peaks (Mount Everent)
Sivalik: The first foothills, reaching about a 1000 mtr aling the norethern edge of the plains.
Mahabharat Range/Lower Himalayan: range of 2000 - 3000 mtrs
Himalaya corss six countries: Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, Afganistan and Pakistan.
Major rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra
Himalaya has the thrid largest deposit of ice and snow in the world after Antarctica and Arctic.

Jaintia Hills:

District: Meghalaya in India

Karakoram:

Large mountains range spanning the borders betwwen Pakistan, India and China.
One of the greater ranges of Asia.
K2 is the second highest peak in the world.
Siachen Glacier and Biafo Glacier as the world's second and third longest glaciers outside the polar regions

Mizo Hills: Lushai Hills:

Part of the Patkai range in Mizonram

Naga Hills:

Lie on the border of India and Burma (Myanmar). Hills are part of the Arakan Range (Rahkine Range)

Nag Tibba:

is the highest peak in the lesser himalayan region of Uttarakhand state.

Nilgiri:

Is in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu.
Nilgiri Biosprere include the Mukuruthi National Park
Doddabetta peak is the highest point in the Nilgiris and southern extent of the range.

Palni Hills:

Are a mountain range in Tamil Nadu
The range lies between the Cumbum Valley on the south.

Patkai Hills

North-eastern border with Burma.
Three hill ranges come under the Patkai: Patkai-Bum, Garo- Khasi-jaintia, Lushai Hills.

Purvachal Range:

Is an extension of Himalayas in the north eastern region of India.
It comprises the Patkai and Manipur hills, Mizo hills, Naga hills.

Satpura:

Satpura is the hill range in central India.
Starting from Gujarath to the east till Chattisgarh
It is parallel the Vindhya range to the north. and these two east west ranges divides the indian subcontinent into North India and South India.
Narmada river originates from north-eastern Satpura and running west towards the Arabian sea.
Tapti river originates from the east-central part of Satpura

Godavari and Mahanadi rivers flow into Bay of Bengal.

Sahyadri (Western Ghats):

Sometimes called the Great Excarpment of India.
Range starts near the border of Gujarath and Maharashtra and runs approximately 1600 k.m through the sates of
Maharashtra, goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and ending at Kanyakumari.
In 2012, 39 places are declared as world heritage sites.

Sivalik Hills:

Is a mountain range of the outer Himalayas
Starts from Indus and ends to Brahmaputra.

Vindhya Range:

Separates India into North India and South India

Sports

Grand Slams

Australian Open 2014

Mens Final: Stanislas Wawrinka (Switzerland) defeated Rafeal Nadal
Womens Final: Na Li (China) defeated Dominika Cibulkova

Dronacharya Award

for the excellence in sports coaching. Cash award 3,00,000

1985. First Winner: O.M. Nambiar - Athletics
2014. Jose Jacob: Rowing
2014: N Lingappa: Athletics

Arjuna Award: Athletics

2014: Tintu Luka

Arjuna Award: badminton

2014: V Diju

Arjuna Award: Basketball

2014: Geeu anna Jose

---

Rivers in Kerala

Kerala Rivers:

There are 44 rivers in Kerala originating from the western ghats.
41 are flowing to the arabian Sea - west
3 are flowing to eastward (Kabani, Bhavani, Pambar)
Neyyar: Soth-western river in India flows from the Agastya Mala, Thiruvananthapuram
Manjeswaram river: Smallest river in Kerala

Periyar river:

Length: 244 km.
Origin: Sivagiri Hills, Sundaramala in Tamil Nadu
Mouth: Lakshadweep Sea, Vembanad Lake

Bharathappuzha

known as river Nila
Lemgth: 209km
source: Anamalai hills, Western Ghats
Parli: Kalladi, Kannadi, Kalpathi rivers mege and flow as Bharathappuzha
in Chittur Bharathapuzha is known as "Sokanasini" (Given by Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan)
Malampuzha dam, Mangalam Dam, Pothundi Dam, Meenkara dam, chulliyar dam, Thirumoorthy, Aliyar, Kanjirapuzha dam
Cheruthuruthi is in the banks for Bharathapuzha
Thiruvilwamala Sree Rama temple and Thirunavaya temple are on the banks of Bharathapuzha

Pamba River:

Length: 176km
Third longest river in the south India state of Kerala.
Sabaraimal temple is located on the banks of the river Pamab
Enriches the lands of Pathanamthitta and Kuttanad area of Alappuzha
Origin: Pulachimalai in Peerumedu
Destination: Vembanad Lake.
Maramon Convention: Largest Christian convention in the world, Pathanamthitta. 1895 third week of February.
Organised by Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association
Cherukolpuzha Hindumatha Sammellanam

Chaliyar River:

Fourth longest river:
Lenght: 169km
Source: Kakkadampoyil
Also known as Chulika river or Beypore river
Destination: Beypore, Arabian sea

Kallai: It was extensively used as a waterway for carrying timber from the forest areas of Nilambur.

Chalakkudy River:

Fifth longest river in Kerala
Length: 145.5
Source: Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu
Destination:

As per the annual report of The National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Chalakkudy river is the richest in fish
diversity in India after Ganga ( 98 species of fresh water fishes out of 152 species known from Kerala.
Famous waterfalls: Athirappilly Falls, Vazhachal Falls
Hydro Electronic Project: Sholayar, Peringalkuthu

Kabini River:

Origin: Pakramthalam hills at Kuttyadi-Mananthavady road
Flowing Eastward to join Kaveri and empties to Bay of Bengal
Nagarahole National Park is situated on the banks of the Kabini river.
Kuruva Island: Panamaram river (starts from Bhanasura Dam) and Kabini river forms an island
Kalindi river: Originates from Brahmagiri hills

Bhavani River:

Origin: South West corner of the Nilgiri hills in Tamil Nadu
Major river in Tamil Nadu
Second largest river in Tamil Nadu and a major tributary of Kaveri river.
Length: 135 km.

Pambar River:

Origin: Anaimudi hills, Idukki
Length: 31 km
flowing to Amaravathi river in Tamil Nadu and joins to Kaveri river
Thoovanam waterfal lie on the Pampar river

Current Affairs 2014

Chief Guest 65^th Indian Republic day: Shinzo Abe, Japaneese Prime Minister

FIFA Presidents

International Federation of Association Football
Headquaters: Zurich, Switzerland.
Formation : 21 May 1904
First President: Robert Guerin 1904 May 21 France
Incumbent President: Sepp Blatter 1998 to Incumbent Switzerland

International Cricket Council

Formation: 15 June 1909 Dubai, United Arab Emirtes
Lord Cowdrey - England - 1989- 1993
Sharad Pawar - India - 2010 - 2012
Alan Isaac - New Zealand - 2012-2014

BCCI Presidents

Grant Goven - 1928 - 1933
N. Srinivasan 2013- Incumbent

Right to Information Act 2005

June 15 -2005
first Chief Information Commissioner: Wajahat Habibulla
05-09-2013 To 18-12-2013 CIC: Deepak Sandhu
Current Chief Information Commissioner: Sushama Singh Current

Kerala:

First Chief Information Commissioner: Palat Mohandas
Current Chief Information Commissioner: Siby Mathews

Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna
The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are to be made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India. The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank 7th in the Indian order of precedence The order was established by Rajendra Prasad, President of India, on 2 January 1954. The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980 This has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). Indira Gandhi is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 54) 1971 Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest overall to receive the Bharat Ratna (posthumously at the age of 47). D.K. Karvae is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 100) 1958 and Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest overall (posthumously at the age of 116)
Sl. no	Name	Year	Notes ( IA - independence activist)
1	Chakravarti Rajgopalachari	1954	IA, last Gov-General
2	Sir C. V. Raman	1954	Physicist
3	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	1954	Philosopher, First and second Vice President (1952-1962),  (1962-1967)
4	Bhagwan Das	1955	IA, author
5	Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya	1955	Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
6	Jawaharlal Nehru	1955	IA, author, first Prime Minister
7	Govind Ballabh Pant	1957	IA, CM of UP, Home Minister
8	Dhondo Keshav Karve	1958	Educator, social reformer
9	Bidhan Chandra Roy	1961	Physician, CM of West Bengal
10	Purushottam Das Tandon	1961	IA, educator
11	Rajendra Prasad	1962	IA, jurist, first President
12	Zakir Hussain	1963	Scholar, 3rd President
13	Pandurang Vaman Kane	1963	Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
14	Lal Bahadur Shastri	1966	Posthumous, IA, second Prime Minister
15	Indira Gandhi	1971	Third Prime Minister
16	V. V. Giri	1975	Trade unionist and fourth President
17	K. Kamaraj	1976	Posthumous, IA, CM of Tamil Nadu
18	Mother Teresa	1980	Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19	Vinoba Bhave	1983	Posthumous, social reformer,  IA,
20	Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan	1987	First non-citizen, IA
21	M. G. Ramachandran	1988	Posthumous, film actor, CM of Tamil Nadu
22	B. R. Ambedkar	1990	Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23	Nelson Mandela	1990	Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24	Rajiv Gandhi	1991	Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
25	Vallabhbhai Patel	1991	Posthumous, IA, first Home Minister
26	Morarji Desai	1991	IA, fourth Prime Minister
27	Abul Kalam Azad	1992	Posthumous, IA, first Minister of Education
28	J. R. D. Tata	1992	Industrialist and philanthropist
29	Satyajit Ray	1992	Filmmaker
30	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	1997	Aeronautical Engineer,11th President
31	Gulzarilal Nanda	1997	IA, interim PM
32	Aruna Asaf Ali	1997	Posthumous, IA
33	M. S. Subbulakshmi	1998	Carnatic classical singer
34	Chidambaram Subramaniam	1998	IA, Minister of Agriculture
35	Jayaprakash Narayan	1999	Posthumous, IA and politician
36	Ravi Shankar	1999	Sitar player
37	Amartya Sen	1999	Economist
38	Gopinath Bordoloi	1999	Posthumous, IA, CM of Assam
39	Lata Mangeshkar	2001	Playback singer
40	Bismillah Khan	2001	Hindustani classical shehnai player
41	Bhimsen Joshi	2008	Hindustani classical singer
42	Sachin Tendulkar	2013	Sports
43	C.N.R. Rao	2013	Science
44	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	2014	Prime Minister of India
45	Madan Mohan Malaviya	2014	Founder Banaras Hindu University

Constitution of India

PART I	THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY	Art.( 1-4 )
PART II	CITIZENSHIP	Art.( 5-11 )
PART III	FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS	Art.( 12-35 )
PART IV	DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY	Art.( 36-51 )
PART IVA	FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES	Art.( 51A )
PART V	THE UNION	Art.( 52-151 )
PART VI	THE STATES	Art.( 152-237 )
PART VII	THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE	Art.( 238 )
PART VIII	THE UNION TERRITORIES	Art.( 239-243 )
PART IX	PANCHAYATS	Art.( 243-243zg )
PART IXA	MUNICIPALITIES	Art.( 243-243zg )
PART X	THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS	Art.( 244-244A )
PART XI	RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES	Art.( 245-263 )
PART XII	FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS	Art.( 264-300A )
PART XIII	TRADE,COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA	Art.( 301-307 )
PART XIV	SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES	Art.( 308-323 )
PART XIVA	TRIBUNALS	Art.( 323A-323B )
PART XV	ELECTIONS	Art.( 324-329A )
PART XVI	SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES	Art.( 330-342 )
PART XVII	OFFICIAL LANGUAGE	Art.( 343-351 )
PART XVIII	EMERGENCY PROVISIONS	Art.( 352-360 )
PART XIX	MISCELLANEOUS	Art.( 361-367 )
PART XX	AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION	Art.( 368 )
PART XXI	TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS	Art.( 369-392 )
PART XXII	SHORT TITLE,COMMENCEMENT,AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS	Art.( 393-395 )

General Networks: India

General Networks in India

NICNET:  National Information Center Network

Sponsor: Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
Membership: Four national and regional nodes, 32 state and union territory nodes; seventy cities and towns
Services: Bulk file transfer; teleconferencing; full text and bibliographic retrieval services
Application: ICMRNIC Center; MEDLARS in India; Chemical Abstracts database

INDONET: INDONET data Network

Sponsor: CMC Ltd (1986) = Informatics India Ltd (1989)
Membership: Commercial computer network
Services: Database services such as DIALOG, COMPUSERVE; IP; SHARP
Applications: ACME; file transfer; international gateway

I - NET (VIKRAM):

Sponsor: Dept. of Telecommunications, Govt. of India
Connectivity: Packet switched public data network covering nine cities
Services: Information exchange through e-mail / FTP; Bibliographic databases

Specialized Networks : Metropolitan Networks :

CALIBNET:  Calcutta Libraries Network

Sponsor: NISSAT - Govt. of India
Applications: Cataloging; serials control; acquisitions; circulation
Services: CAS; SDI; union catalog; partial database; editing and retrieval of records; global information; search; full-text document delivery; library automation; CALIBNET INFO Services

BONET:  Bombay Library Network

Sponsor: NISSAT & NCST (1994)
Objective: To promote cooperation among libraries in Bombay
Services: online catalog; online document delivery; IRS; interlibrary loan; dissemination of information

DELNET:  Developing Library Network

Sponsor: NISSAT & NIC (1988)
Objective: To promote resource sharing; develop a network of libraries; collect, store, disseminate information
Members: 165 Institutions, 600 Libraries, 15 States in India, 5 from outside India
Services: resource sharing; free Software; ICE online facility; books database; thesis database; Indian specialists; database

ADINET:  Ahmedabad Library Network

Sponsor: NISSAT, DSIR (1994) & INFLIBNET
Objective: To bring cooperation among its regional libraries; to develop databases; to integrate scientific and technical information systems
Members: nine libraries

MYLIBNET:  Mysore Library Network

Sponsor: NISSAT (1994)
Objective: Developing software tools; conducting seminar; workshops/training programs; conduct surveys
Host Site: CFTRI, Mysore
Members: 116 Institutions

Countrywide Area Network:

DESINET:  Defence Science Information Network

Sponsor: DESIDOC, Delhi
Activity: Focus on scientific, research and defense communities

ERNET:  Educational and Research Network

Sponsor: Dept. of Electronics, Govt. of India; UNESCO (Financial assistance from UNDP)
Members: eight institutions (5 IITs, IISc., National Centre for Software Technology - Bombay, CCI wing of Dept. of Electronics)
Services: Communication services such as e-mail, file transfer, remote log on, database access, bulletin board etc.,

SIRNET:  Scientific and Industrial Research Network

Sponsor: CSIR (Commissioned Agency- NCST, Bombay)
Members: 40 labs and R&D Institutions
Applications: scientific communication; leather technology; natural products; food technology; medicinal Plants

 VIDYANET:  VIDYANET (Dedicated Communication Computer Net)

Sponsor: TATA Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay
Objectives: To provide rapid means of communications by linking computers at various institutions in India to similar networks outside the country; to stimulate corporate research, the day-to-day exchange of research information and the execution of joint projects and publications

BTISNET:  BTISNET (Specialized Information Network)

Sponsor: Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
Connectivity: 10 Specialized Information Centres in genetic engineering, plant tissue culture; photosynthesis and plant molecular biology; cell transformation ; bio-process engineering.
Services: Data processing using applications software; online communication access; facsimile facility

INFLIBNET:  Information Library Network

Sponsor: UGC (1991)
Connectivity: computer communication network of universities and R&D; libraries and bibliographic information centers throughout the country
Members: 200 Universities; 400 College libraries; 200 R&D libraries
Services: catalog service; database Services; document supply services; e-mail; BBS: audio and video conferencing, etc.

BALNET: Bangalore Library Network

Sponsor: JRD;. Tata Memorial Library (1995)
Members: 100 Libraries

MALIBNET: Madras Library Network

Sponsor: INSDOC & NISSAT (1993)
Members: 15 Libraries
Activity: Two important databases, a directory database of current serials in Madras and a contents database covering articles published in 300 journals available in Madras libraries.