Railway Zones:
Central Railway: Mumbai
Southern Railway: Chennai
Northern Railway: Delhi
Eastern Railway: Kolkata
Western Railway: Mumbai
North Eastern: Gorakhpur
South Eastern: Kolkata
South Central: Secundarabad
Northeast Frontier: Guwahati
East Central: Hajipur
North Western: Jaipur
East Coast: Bhubaneswar
North Central: Allhabad
South East Central: Bilaspur
South Western: Hubli
West Central: Jabalpur
Kolkat Metro: Kolkata
Nobel Prize 2014
Peace: Malala Yusaf Sai, Kailesh Sathyarthi
Kailesh: 5 the Indian receiving the Nobel Price - rights of children to education - India -
born : Vidisha - India
Malala: Youngest ever Nobel price laureate - rights of all children to education -
resident at the time of award : united Kingdom
born: Mingora, Pakistan
Physics: Isamu Akasaki, hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura
Innovation: Blue light-emitting diodes, energy saving white light sources
Chemistry
Eric Betzig;
Stefan Hell;
William Moerner
Medicine
John O'Keefe;
May-Britt Moser;
Edvard Moser
Literature
Patrick Modiano
Economics
Jean Tirole
Right to Information Act: 2005
Date enacted 15-June-2005
Date commenced 12-October-2005
First RTI application submitted by Shahid Raza Burney to a police station in Pune on 12 October 2005
Appointed by President of India
Appointment committee held by Prime minister
First Chairman: Wajahat Habibullah
Current Chairman: Shri Rajiv Mathur retired at 3 aug 2014 - Vacant
First Chairperson: Deepak Sandhu
Committe: 1 chairman and not more than 10 members
Age limit: 5 years or 65
State Information Commission:
Appointed by Governer
Appointment committee held by Chief Minister.
Current SIC: Siby Mathews
Human Rights Commission:
Formed on October 12 1993
Amendment on 2006
Human Rights day: December 10
First Chairman: Jst. Ranganath Misra
Second Chairman: M N Venkatachellaih
Current Chairman: K. G. Balakrishnan
Headquarters: New Delhi
Chairman is appointed by: President of India
State Human Rights Commission
Formed on 11 - December - 1998
Chairman: Justice Jacob Benjamin Koshy
Finance Commission of India
Formed on 22 - November - 1951
Article: 280
Commission is appointed by: President of India
First Chairman: K C Neogy
10th Chairman: K.C. Pant
13th Chairman: Vijay Kelkar (2010 - 2015)
14th Chairman: Y V Reddy (2015- 2020)
Union Public Service Commission
formation: Oct 1 - 1926
Location: Dholpur House, New Delhi
Article:
first Chairman: Sri Ross Barker
Members are appointed by: President of India
Duration: 6 years of 65 whichever is earlier
Current Chairman: Deepak Gupta
Election Commission of India
Article 243
Chairman is appointed by President of India
Formed 25 January 1950
First Chairman: Sukumar Sen
First Chairperson: V.S. Ramadevi
10th Chairman: T.N Seshan
Current Chairman: V.S. Sampath
State Commission for Woman
Established on : 11- December 1998
First Chairpersion: Sugathakumari
Current Chairpersion: K. C Rosakkutty
Australian open 2014
Men: Stanislas Wawarinka (swiss) defeated Rafael Nadal (spain)
Women: Li Na (China) defeated Domkinika Cibulkova (slovakia)
French Open 2014
Men: Rafael Nadal Defeated Novak Djokovic (serbia)
Women: Maria sharapova defeated Simona Galep
Wimbledon 2014
Men: Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer
women: Petra Kvitova defeated Eugenie Bouchard
US Open 2014
Men: Marin Cilic defeated Kei Nishikori
Women: Serena Williams defeated Carolina Wozniacki
Champian's League 2014 final Cricket
Chennai super kings defeated Kolkatta Knight riders
ICC Twenty20 worldcup cricket - 2014
2007- South africa: (India defeated Pakistan)
2014 - Bangladesh: Srilank defeated India
2016 - India
World cup Cricket: 1975
2011- India, srilanks, Bangladesh: India defeated Srilanka
2015: Australia, New Zealand
World cup Football
2010: South Africa
2014: Brazil - Germany defeated Argentina
2018: Russia
68th Santhosh-trophy football: West Bengal
Winners: Mizoram defeated Railways
Summar Olympics:
30- 2012: London
31- 2016: Brazil
32- 2020: Japan
Winter Olympics:
2014: Sochi - Russia
2018: Pyeongchang - South Korea
Sixteenth Lok Sabha:
More number of MP: Uttarpradesh -80
Maharashtra: 48
Sikkim, Mizoram, Nagaland: 1
Kerala: 20
Miss World 2014:
Venue: ExCeL London, London, UK United Kingdom
Winner: Rolene Strauss - South Africa
First Runner up: Edina Kulcsár - Hungary
Second Runner up: Elizabeth Safrit - United States
From India - Semi finalist: Koyal Rana
National Games India:
The Games started on 1924 Madras as Indian Olympic Games
And Renamed as National Games and were first held in Bomaby in 1940
National Games
35th: Kerala
36th: Goa
37th: Telangana
38th: Kolkata
The mascot of the 35th National Game is Ammu the Hornbill
Opening Ceremony: 31 Jan 2015
Closing Ceremony: 14 Feb 2014
Best Movie: Spotlight
Best Actor: Leonardo Dicaprio
Best Actress: Brie Larson
Best Director: Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu
Best Movie: Birdman
Best Actor: Eddie Redmayne
Best Actress: Julianne Moore
Best Director: Alejandro González Iñárritu
Best Animated Feature Film: Big Hero 6
Best Picture: 12 Years a Slave
Best Actor: Matthew Mcconaughey (Dallas Buyers Club)
Best Actress: Cate Blanchett (blue Jasmine)
Best Director: Alfonso Cuaron (Gravity)
| Vitamins | ||||
| Name | Chemical Name | Solubility | Deficiency Disease | Food Sources |
| A | Retinol | Fat | Night blindness | Liver, Oranges, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, soy milk, milk |
| B1 | Thiamine | Water | Beriberi | Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs |
| B2 | Riboflavin | Water | Ariboflavinosis | Dairy products, bananas, popcon, green beans, asparagus |
| B3 | Niacin | Water | Pellagra | Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts |
| B5 | Panthothenic acid | Water | Paresthesia | Meat, broccoli, avocados |
| B6 | Pyridoxine | Water | Anemia | Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas |
| B7 | Biotin | Water | Dermatitis, enteritis | Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, certain vegetables |
| B9 | Folic Acid | Water | Megaloblastic anemia | Leafy vegetabls, pasta, bread, cereal, liver |
| B12 | Cyanocobalamin | Water | Megaloblastic anemia | Meat and other animal products |
| C | Ascorbic acid | Water | Scurvy | Many fruits and vegetables |
| D | Cholecalciferol | Fat | Rickets | Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms |
| E | Tocopherols | Fat | Hemolytic anemia in newborn infants | Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds |
| K | Phylloquinone | Fat | Bleeding diathesis | Leafy green vegetabls such as spinach, egg yolks, liver |
Malayalam Literary Awards |
|||
| Jnanpit Award | |||
| Instituted by Santi prasad Jain (Publishers of Times of India) on 1965 and the price amout is Rs. 11 lakhs | |||
| 1965 | G. Sankara Kurup | Odakkuzhal | |
| 1980 | S.K. Pottekkad | Oru Desathinde Kada | |
| 1984 | Takazhi | Kayar | |
| 1995 | M. T. Vasudevan Nair | Overall Contributions | |
| 2007 | O.N.V. Kurup | Overall Contributions | |
| Vayalar Award: Award Amount:- 25000 | |||
| 1977 | Lalithambika Antharjanam | Agnisakshi | |
| 2010 | Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri | Charulatha | |
| 2011 | K.P. Ramanunni | Jeevithathinde Pusthakam | |
| 2012 | Akkitham | Anthimahakalam | |
| 2013 | Prabha Varma | Syama Madavam | |
| 2014: | K R Meera - | Arachar | |
| Vallthol Award | |||
| 1991 | Pala Narayanan Nair | ||
| 2010 | Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri | ||
| 2011 | C Radakrishnan | ||
| 2012 | Yusaf Ali Kechery | ||
| 2013 | Perumbadavam Sreedharan | ||
| 2014 | P.Narayana Kurup | ||
| Ezhuthachan Award | |||
| Award from the Kerala Sahitya Academi, Government of Kerala. Price amount is 1,50,000 | |||
| 1993 | Sooranad Kunjan Pillai | ||
| 2010 | M. Leelavathi | ||
| 2011 | M.T. Vasudevan Nair | ||
| 2012 | Attor Ravi Varma | ||
| 2013 | M.K. Sanu | ||
| 2014 | Vishnu Narayanan Namboothiri | ||
| P. Kunjiraman Nair Award | |||
| 1997 | K. Sachidanandan | ||
| 2010 | Ettumanoor Somadasan | ||
| 2013 | P.P. Ramachandran | Katte Kadale | |
| Muttathu Varkey Award | |||
| 1992 | O.V. Vijayan | ||
| 2010 | P.Valsala | ||
| 2011 | Sarah Joseph | ||
| 2012 | N.Prabhakaran | ||
| 2013 | C.V. Balakrishnan | ||
| Kendra Sahitya Academy Awards | |||
| 1995 | R Narayana Panikkar | Basha Sahitya Charithram | |
| 2010 | M. P. Veerendra Kumar | Haimavatha Bhoovil | |
| 2011 | M.K. Sanu | Basheer Ekantha Veedhiyile Avadoothan | |
| 2012 | K. Sachuidanandan | Marannu Vacha Vasthukkal | |
| 2013 | M.N. Paloor | Kathayillathavante Katha | |
| Odakkuzhal Award | |||
| 1969 | Vennikulam Gopala Kurup | Thulasidasa Ramayanam | |
| 2010 | Unnikrishnan Puthoor | Anubhavangalude Nerrekhakal | |
| 2011 | Subhash Chandran | Manushyanu Oru Amukham | |
| 2012 | Sethu | Marupiravi | |
| 2013 | K. R Meera | Aarachar | |
| 2014 | Rafeeq Ahammed | Rafeeq Ahammedinte Kruthikal | |
| Asan Prize | |||
| 1989 | N.N. Kakkad | ||
| 2010 | A. Ayyappan | ||
| 2011 | S. Ramesan Nair | ||
| 2012 | Sreekumaran Thampi | ||
| 2013 | N.K.Desam | ||
| Mathrubhoomi Sahitya Award | |||
| 2001 | Thikkodiyan | ||
| 2010 | Sukumar Azhikode | ||
| 2011 | M. Leelavathy | ||
| 2012 | Punathil Kunjabdulla | ||
| 2013 | Sugathakumari | ||
southern end of western ghats
Cardamam hills and aryankavi pass are at Agasthyamalai Hills
Wild life sanctuaries: Neyyar wildlife sanctuary, Peppara wildlife, Shenduruny wildlife sanctuary
Agasthyamala Biospere: 3500.36 km2 - 1828 km2 in Kerala nd 1672.36 km2 in Tamil Nadu
World old mountain ranges in India
In Western India in northeastern direction.
Called Mewat hills
Highest peak: Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu in Rajastan
Is an ancient folded mountains.
Range of mountains in western ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Highest peak in Anamalai (western ghats): Anamudi (2695 mtr) in Idukki
Palakkad Gap (30- 40 km) divided the western ghats
Annamalai is famous for:
Eravikilam National Park, Chinnar wildlife sancturary, Parambikulam wildlife sanctuary, Anamalas Tiger reserve, Indira Gandhi wildlife sanctuary and National park
Rivers:
Aliyar river, Pambar river, Chinnar river, Kaddambarri river, Neerar river, Parambikulam river
Dams:
Amaravathi dam, Kaddambarri dam, Neerar dam, Sholayar dam, Parambikulam dam (Largest capacity dam in India), Mannambhally dam.
Name comes from the cardamon spice grown much of the hills.
Located: Western Ghats: Kerala, Tamil Nadu.
Purva Ghats: starts from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu. ( Bengal, Odisha, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka)
Major rivers: Godavari, Mahandi, Krisha, Kaveri
Eastern Ghats are older than the Western Ghats.
Part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.
Part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.
This hill is a part of Patkai range
Cherrapunji is one of the wettest place in the workd
Separating the plains of Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
This is home to the planet's highest peaks (Mount Everent)
Sivalik: The first foothills, reaching about a 1000 mtr aling the norethern edge of the plains.
Mahabharat Range/Lower Himalayan: range of 2000 - 3000 mtrs
Himalaya corss six countries: Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, Afganistan and Pakistan.
Major rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra
Himalaya has the thrid largest deposit of ice and snow in the world after Antarctica and Arctic.
District: Meghalaya in India
Karakoram:Naga Hills:
Lie on the border of India and Burma (Myanmar). Hills are part of the Arakan Range (Rahkine Range)
Nag Tibba:
is the highest peak in the lesser himalayan region of Uttarakhand state.
Nilgiri:
Is in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu.
Nilgiri Biosprere include the Mukuruthi National Park
Doddabetta peak is the highest point in the Nilgiris and southern extent of the range.
Palni Hills:
Are a mountain range in Tamil Nadu
The range lies between the Cumbum Valley on the south.
Patkai Hills
North-eastern border with Burma.
Three hill ranges come under the Patkai: Patkai-Bum, Garo- Khasi-jaintia, Lushai Hills.
Purvachal Range:
Is an extension of Himalayas in the north eastern region of India.
It comprises the Patkai and Manipur hills, Mizo hills, Naga hills.
Satpura:
Satpura is the hill range in central India.
Starting from Gujarath to the east till Chattisgarh
It is parallel the Vindhya range to the north. and these two east west ranges divides the indian subcontinent into North India and South India.
Narmada river originates from north-eastern Satpura and running west towards the Arabian sea.
Tapti river originates from the east-central part of Satpura
Godavari and Mahanadi rivers flow into Bay of Bengal.
Sahyadri (Western Ghats):
Sometimes called the Great Excarpment of India.
Range starts near the border of Gujarath and Maharashtra and runs approximately 1600 k.m through the sates of
Maharashtra, goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and ending at Kanyakumari.
In 2012, 39 places are declared as world heritage sites.
Sivalik Hills:
Is a mountain range of the outer Himalayas
Starts from Indus and ends to Brahmaputra.
Vindhya Range:
Separates India into North India and South India
Dronacharya Award
for the excellence in sports coaching. Cash award 3,00,000
1985. First Winner: O.M. Nambiar - Athletics
2014. Jose Jacob: Rowing
2014: N Lingappa: Athletics
Arjuna Award: Athletics
2014: Tintu Luka
Arjuna Award: badminton
2014: V Diju
Arjuna Award: Basketball
2014: Geeu anna Jose
There are 44 rivers in Kerala originating from the western ghats.
41 are flowing to the arabian Sea - west
3 are flowing to eastward (Kabani, Bhavani, Pambar)
Neyyar: Soth-western river in India flows from the Agastya Mala, Thiruvananthapuram
Manjeswaram river: Smallest river in Kerala
Length: 244 km.
Origin: Sivagiri Hills, Sundaramala in Tamil Nadu
Mouth: Lakshadweep Sea, Vembanad Lake
known as river Nila
Lemgth: 209km
source: Anamalai hills, Western Ghats
Parli: Kalladi, Kannadi, Kalpathi rivers mege and flow as Bharathappuzha
in Chittur Bharathapuzha is known as "Sokanasini" (Given by Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan)
Malampuzha dam, Mangalam Dam, Pothundi Dam, Meenkara dam, chulliyar dam, Thirumoorthy, Aliyar, Kanjirapuzha dam
Cheruthuruthi is in the banks for Bharathapuzha
Thiruvilwamala Sree Rama temple and Thirunavaya temple are on the banks of Bharathapuzha
Length: 176km
Third longest river in the south India state of Kerala.
Sabaraimal temple is located on the banks of the river Pamab
Enriches the lands of Pathanamthitta and Kuttanad area of Alappuzha
Origin: Pulachimalai in Peerumedu
Destination: Vembanad Lake.
Maramon Convention: Largest Christian convention in the world, Pathanamthitta. 1895 third week of February.
Organised by Mar Thoma Evangelistic Association
Cherukolpuzha Hindumatha Sammellanam
Fourth longest river:
Lenght: 169km
Source: Kakkadampoyil
Also known as Chulika river or Beypore river
Destination: Beypore, Arabian sea
Kallai: It was extensively used as a waterway for carrying timber from the forest areas of Nilambur.
Fifth longest river in Kerala
Length: 145.5
Source: Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu
Destination:
As per the annual report of The National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Chalakkudy river is the richest in fish
diversity in India after Ganga ( 98 species of fresh water fishes out of 152 species known from Kerala.
Famous waterfalls: Athirappilly Falls, Vazhachal Falls
Hydro Electronic Project: Sholayar, Peringalkuthu
Origin: Pakramthalam hills at Kuttyadi-Mananthavady road
Flowing Eastward to join Kaveri and empties to Bay of Bengal
Nagarahole National Park is situated on the banks of the Kabini river.
Kuruva Island: Panamaram river (starts from Bhanasura Dam) and Kabini river forms an island
Kalindi river: Originates from Brahmagiri hills
Origin: South West corner of the Nilgiri hills in Tamil Nadu
Major river in Tamil Nadu
Second largest river in Tamil Nadu and a major tributary of Kaveri river.
Length: 135 km.
Origin: Anaimudi hills, Idukki
Length: 31 km
flowing to Amaravathi river in Tamil Nadu and joins to Kaveri river
Thoovanam waterfal lie on the Pampar river
June 15 -2005
first Chief Information Commissioner: Wajahat Habibulla
05-09-2013 To 18-12-2013 CIC: Deepak Sandhu
Current Chief Information Commissioner: Sushama Singh Current
First Chief Information Commissioner: Palat Mohandas
Current Chief Information Commissioner: Siby Mathews
| Bharat Ratna | |||
| The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are to be made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India. The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank 7th in the Indian order of precedence The order was established by Rajendra Prasad, President of India, on 2 January 1954. The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980 This has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). Indira Gandhi is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 54) 1971 Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest overall to receive the Bharat Ratna (posthumously at the age of 47). D.K. Karvae is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 100) 1958 and Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest overall (posthumously at the age of 116) |
|||
| Sl. no | Name | Year | Notes ( IA - independence activist) |
| 1 | Chakravarti Rajgopalachari | 1954 | IA, last Gov-General |
| 2 | Sir C. V. Raman | 1954 | Physicist |
| 3 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | 1954 | Philosopher, First and second Vice President (1952-1962), (1962-1967) |
| 4 | Bhagwan Das | 1955 | IA, author |
| 5 | Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya | 1955 | Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore |
| 6 | Jawaharlal Nehru | 1955 | IA, author, first Prime Minister |
| 7 | Govind Ballabh Pant | 1957 | IA, CM of UP, Home Minister |
| 8 | Dhondo Keshav Karve | 1958 | Educator, social reformer |
| 9 | Bidhan Chandra Roy | 1961 | Physician, CM of West Bengal |
| 10 | Purushottam Das Tandon | 1961 | IA, educator |
| 11 | Rajendra Prasad | 1962 | IA, jurist, first President |
| 12 | Zakir Hussain | 1963 | Scholar, 3rd President |
| 13 | Pandurang Vaman Kane | 1963 | Indologist and Sanskrit scholar |
| 14 | Lal Bahadur Shastri | 1966 | Posthumous, IA, second Prime Minister |
| 15 | Indira Gandhi | 1971 | Third Prime Minister |
| 16 | V. V. Giri | 1975 | Trade unionist and fourth President |
| 17 | K. Kamaraj | 1976 | Posthumous, IA, CM of Tamil Nadu |
| 18 | Mother Teresa | 1980 | Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity |
| 19 | Vinoba Bhave | 1983 | Posthumous, social reformer, IA, |
| 20 | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan | 1987 | First non-citizen, IA |
| 21 | M. G. Ramachandran | 1988 | Posthumous, film actor, CM of Tamil Nadu |
| 22 | B. R. Ambedkar | 1990 | Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar |
| 23 | Nelson Mandela | 1990 | Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement |
| 24 | Rajiv Gandhi | 1991 | Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister |
| 25 | Vallabhbhai Patel | 1991 | Posthumous, IA, first Home Minister |
| 26 | Morarji Desai | 1991 | IA, fourth Prime Minister |
| 27 | Abul Kalam Azad | 1992 | Posthumous, IA, first Minister of Education |
| 28 | J. R. D. Tata | 1992 | Industrialist and philanthropist |
| 29 | Satyajit Ray | 1992 | Filmmaker |
| 30 | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | 1997 | Aeronautical Engineer,11th President |
| 31 | Gulzarilal Nanda | 1997 | IA, interim PM |
| 32 | Aruna Asaf Ali | 1997 | Posthumous, IA |
| 33 | M. S. Subbulakshmi | 1998 | Carnatic classical singer |
| 34 | Chidambaram Subramaniam | 1998 | IA, Minister of Agriculture |
| 35 | Jayaprakash Narayan | 1999 | Posthumous, IA and politician |
| 36 | Ravi Shankar | 1999 | Sitar player |
| 37 | Amartya Sen | 1999 | Economist |
| 38 | Gopinath Bordoloi | 1999 | Posthumous, IA, CM of Assam |
| 39 | Lata Mangeshkar | 2001 | Playback singer |
| 40 | Bismillah Khan | 2001 | Hindustani classical shehnai player |
| 41 | Bhimsen Joshi | 2008 | Hindustani classical singer |
| 42 | Sachin Tendulkar | 2013 | Sports |
| 43 | C.N.R. Rao | 2013 | Science |
| 44 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 2014 | Prime Minister of India |
| 45 | Madan Mohan Malaviya | 2014 | Founder Banaras Hindu University |
| PART I | THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY | Art.( 1-4 ) |
| PART II | CITIZENSHIP | Art.( 5-11 ) |
| PART III | FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS | Art.( 12-35 ) |
| PART IV | DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY | Art.( 36-51 ) |
| PART IVA | FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES | Art.( 51A ) |
| PART V | THE UNION | Art.( 52-151 ) |
| PART VI | THE STATES | Art.( 152-237 ) |
| PART VII | THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE | Art.( 238 ) |
| PART VIII | THE UNION TERRITORIES | Art.( 239-243 ) |
| PART IX | PANCHAYATS | Art.( 243-243zg ) |
| PART IXA | MUNICIPALITIES | Art.( 243-243zg ) |
| PART X | THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS | Art.( 244-244A ) |
| PART XI | RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES | Art.( 245-263 ) |
| PART XII | FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS | Art.( 264-300A ) |
| PART XIII | TRADE,COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA | Art.( 301-307 ) |
| PART XIV | SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES | Art.( 308-323 ) |
| PART XIVA | TRIBUNALS | Art.( 323A-323B ) |
| PART XV | ELECTIONS | Art.( 324-329A ) |
| PART XVI | SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES | Art.( 330-342 ) |
| PART XVII | OFFICIAL LANGUAGE | Art.( 343-351 ) |
| PART XVIII | EMERGENCY PROVISIONS | Art.( 352-360 ) |
| PART XIX | MISCELLANEOUS | Art.( 361-367 ) |
| PART XX | AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION | Art.( 368 ) |
| PART XXI | TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS | Art.( 369-392 ) |
| PART XXII | SHORT TITLE,COMMENCEMENT,AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS | Art.( 393-395 ) |
Sponsor: Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
Membership: Four national and regional nodes, 32 state and union territory nodes; seventy cities and towns
Services: Bulk file transfer; teleconferencing; full text and bibliographic retrieval services
Application: ICMRNIC Center; MEDLARS in India; Chemical Abstracts database
Sponsor: CMC Ltd (1986) = Informatics India Ltd (1989)
Membership: Commercial computer network
Services: Database services such as DIALOG, COMPUSERVE; IP; SHARP
Applications: ACME; file transfer; international gateway
Sponsor: Dept. of Telecommunications, Govt. of India
Connectivity: Packet switched public data network covering nine cities
Services: Information exchange through e-mail / FTP; Bibliographic databases
Sponsor: NISSAT - Govt. of India
Applications: Cataloging; serials control; acquisitions; circulation
Services: CAS; SDI; union catalog; partial database; editing and retrieval of records; global information; search; full-text document delivery; library automation; CALIBNET INFO Services
Sponsor: NISSAT & NCST (1994)
Objective: To promote cooperation among libraries in Bombay
Services: online catalog; online document delivery; IRS; interlibrary loan; dissemination of information
Sponsor: NISSAT & NIC (1988)
Objective: To promote resource sharing; develop a network of libraries; collect, store, disseminate information
Members: 165 Institutions, 600 Libraries, 15 States in India, 5 from outside India
Services: resource sharing; free Software; ICE online facility; books database; thesis database; Indian specialists; database
Sponsor: NISSAT, DSIR (1994) & INFLIBNET
Objective: To bring cooperation among its regional libraries; to develop databases; to integrate scientific and technical information systems
Members: nine libraries
Sponsor: NISSAT (1994)
Objective: Developing software tools; conducting seminar; workshops/training programs; conduct surveys
Host Site: CFTRI, Mysore
Members: 116 Institutions
Sponsor: DESIDOC, Delhi
Activity: Focus on scientific, research and defense communities
Sponsor: Dept. of Electronics, Govt. of India; UNESCO (Financial assistance from UNDP)
Members: eight institutions (5 IITs, IISc., National Centre for Software Technology - Bombay, CCI wing of Dept. of Electronics)
Services: Communication services such as e-mail, file transfer, remote log on, database access, bulletin board etc.,
Sponsor: CSIR (Commissioned Agency- NCST, Bombay)
Members: 40 labs and R&D Institutions
Applications: scientific communication; leather technology; natural products; food technology; medicinal Plants
Sponsor: TATA Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay
Objectives: To provide rapid means of communications by linking computers at various institutions in India to similar networks outside the country; to stimulate corporate research, the day-to-day exchange of research information and the execution of joint projects and publications
Sponsor: Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
Connectivity: 10 Specialized Information Centres in genetic engineering, plant tissue culture; photosynthesis and plant molecular biology; cell transformation ; bio-process engineering.
Services: Data processing using applications software; online communication access; facsimile facility
Sponsor: UGC (1991)
Connectivity: computer communication network of universities and R&D; libraries and bibliographic information centers throughout the country
Members: 200 Universities; 400 College libraries; 200 R&D libraries
Services: catalog service; database Services; document supply services; e-mail; BBS: audio and video conferencing, etc.
Sponsor: JRD;. Tata Memorial Library (1995)
Members: 100 Libraries
Sponsor: INSDOC & NISSAT (1993)
Members: 15 Libraries
Activity: Two important databases, a directory database of current serials in Madras and a contents database covering articles published in 300 journals available in Madras libraries.
Origin: Gangotri Glacier, Satopanth Glacier, Uttarakhand
Length: 2525 km
Discharge: Bay of Bengal
Devaprayag: Alakananda River, Bhagirathi, Saraswathi meet Ganga
Triveni Sangam at Allahabad: Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswathi
Kumbamela held every 12 years
In Bangladesh Ganges is known as Padma.
The Padma is joined by the Jamuna River the largest distributary of the Brahmaputhra
The second largest distributary of Brahmaputra is:Meghna - Padma joins the Meghna River
Largest tributary rinver of Ganga in northern India
Origin: Yamunotri Glacier
Length: 1376 km
Discharge: Ganga river
Taj Mahal is situating on the banks of river Yamuna.
Agra town is situating on the banks of river Yamuna
Called as Tsangpo-Brahmaputra
Origin: Angsi Glacier, Chemayungdung Glacier, Himalayas, Tibet
Length: 2900 km
The Brahmaputra enters India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, and it is called Siang
Island in Brahmaputra: Majuli
final part of Brhmaputhra river is called: Meghna
Origin: Sun Kosi, Arun and Tamur from Saptakoshi, Nepal
Length: 720 k.m
Sagarmatha National Park: (Nepal) established in 1976 and in 1979 it became the country's first national park.
Kosi River is known as the "Sorrow of Bihar"
Length: 592 k.m
Flowing across West Bengal and Jharkhand.
Sorrow of Bengal
Source: Chandwa
Mouth: Hoogly River, Bengal.
Damodar Valley Corporation: 7 july 1948 First multi purpose river valley project in independent India.
Discharge: hoogly river
Luni is river of western Rajasthan, India.
Origin: Pushkar valley, Aravalli range near Ajmer
Dishcarge: Rann of Kutch in Gujarat
Known as Lavanavari river. It Means Salt River.
Gujarath and Rajastan
West flowing river of Gujarath
Origin: Dhebar lake in Aravalli Range of Udaipur Dist of Rajastan
Length: 371 k.m
Discharge: Gulf of Cambay of Arabian sea
Called Rewa.
Fifth longest river in the Indian subcontinent.
It is the thrid longest river tht flows entirely within India after Godavari and Krishna
Known as life for Madhya Pradesh
Longest West flowing river flowing between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges.
Origin: Narmada Kund, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh
Lenght: 1312 k.m
One of the major rives of peninsular India. (Narmada and Mahi river).
Source: rises in the eastern Satpura Range of Madhya Pradesh
Betul district- Multai
West flowing river
length: 724 km
Source:
Source: Brahmagiri mountain, Trimbak in Nashik, Maharashtra
Discharge: Bay of Bengal.
flowing to East: Bay of Bengal
Length: 1465 km
Second longest river in India after the Ganga.
Longest river in southern India
Largest city: 1, Nashik 2, Rajamundry
1964-69: Sri Ram Sagar Project (Pochampadu Project) to irrigate Adilabad, nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary: Andhra Pradesh, Second largest mangrove forests in India.
Source: Sihawa, Dhamtari, dandakarany, Chattisgarh, India
Length: 858km
Flows to Chattisgarh and Odisha
Hirakud Dam: Largest earth dam in the world
Discharge: false point, Odisha, Bay of Bengal
One of the longest rivers in central southern India.
Length: 1400 km
Source: Mahabaleswar, jor village, Satara dist, Maharashtra
Tunga and Bhadra starting from Karnataka
Flowing to west and meets: Bay of Bengal
Third longest river in india after Ganga and Godavari
Largest city: Vijayawada
Preeti Sangam: Four rivers join the Krishna at a confluence is known Lovers Meeting Point
Largest tributary of Krishna river is Tungabhadra River.
Length: 765 k.m
Discharge: Grand Anicut
Origin: Talakaveri, Kodagu in Western Ghats in Karnataka
Flowing through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu to Bay of Bengal
Sivanasamudra Falls on the Kaveri in 1902 was the first hydroelectric plant in Asia
Asia's first hydro electric plan built in 1902 was on the left falls and supplied power to the city of Bangalore.
Hogenakkal Falls: sometimes referred to as "Niagara of India".
Karikala Cholan: built Kallana dam or Grant Anicut is and ancient dam built across River Kaveri in Thanjavur dist. ( 2nd Century)
Source: Nandi Hills in chikballapur dist, Karnataka
Destination: Andrapradesh, Bay of Bengal
Length: 597 km
Buckingham Canal is 421.55 km running parallel to the Coramandal cost of south India from Vijaywada in Andrapradesh to Villupuram district in Tamil Nadu.
Buckingham canal took shape by government's National Waterway declaration on November 2008
Origin: Periyar Plateau of Western Ghats
Length: 258 km
Discharge: Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram
Origin: Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala, Tamil Nadu
Length: 244 km
Aluva: Bifurcates into Marthandavarma and Mangalapuzha rivers
Manglapuzha joins Chalakudy river and empties into Lakshadweep sea at Munambam
Marthandavarma joins Cochin backwater system at varapuzha and it is connected to Lakshadweep sea at Cochin and Kodungallur
Hydro-electric projects:
Idukki dam is the largest project in Kerala lies on the Periyar. Second largest in Asia built by an India-Canada joint ventrue in 1976
Pallivasal on 1940, Chenkulam, Panniyar, Neriyamangalam and Lower Periyar.
Dams:
Bhoothathankettu, Idamalyar, Lower Periyar, Mattupetty, Anayirangal, Kundala, Ponmudi, Kallarkutti,
Idukki, Cheruthoni, Kulamavu, sengulam, Kallar, Erattayar, Mullaperiyar.
Flowing through Pakistan
Origin: Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Mansarovar.
Discharge: Arabian sea
Length: 3200
Tributary rivers: Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beaz and Satlej
River of India and Pakistan
Source: Bara Lacha pass
Discharge: Akhnoor
Length: 960 km
Water is allocated to Pakistan under the terms of Indus Waters Treaty - 1960
by Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan President Ayub Khan
Flows in India and Pakistan
Largest and most western of the five rivers of Panjab Passes through Jhelum dist
Origin: Veinag spring
Mouth chenab river
Length: 725 km
Sanskrit name is : Vitasta
Battle of Hydaspes
Alexander the Great crossed the Jhelum in BC 326. and he defeated Porus
Bucephalus: Famous horse of Alexander buried in Jalalpur sharif.
Longest of the five reivers that flow through Punjab.
Source: Lake Rakshastal, Tibet
Discharge: Ropar
Lenght: 1000 km
Sutlaj is sometimes know as the Red River.
Water is allocated to Pakistan under the terms of Indus Waters Treaty - 1960
by Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan President Ayub Khan
Hydro electric projects on Sutlaj:
Bhakra Dam, Karcham Wangtoo Kinnaur dist- Himachal Pradesh. Nathpa Jhakri Dam-HP
Pakistan.
Smallest of five rivers
Origin: Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
Length: 720 km
Origin: Beas Kund, Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh
Length: 470 k.m
Discharge: for Mandi Plain
Internationa year of Pulses
International year of Soils
International year of Light and Light bases Technlogies
International year of family farming
International year of crystalography
International year of Small Island Developing States
International year of Water cooperation
International year of Quinoa
International year of Cooperatives
International year of Sustainability Energy for All
International Year of the Child
International Women's Year
World population Year
International year of Education
International tourist Year
World Refugee Year